Transcripts of our kids podcast

We research thoroughly for every podcast show. Enjoy the detailed show notes and reference links to journals

Episode 83 with Abhir

Children and adults love making creations – whether it is building sandcastles on the beach, or houses with cardboard boxes, or creating an Iron Man using Lego blocks. One teenager took up an interesting challenge – depicting the entire universe on a video game Minecraft. This was no frivolous pass-time. It involved making complex mathematical calculations and even sky-diving, to envisage how earth would look like, from space. 

To discuss this achievement, 10-year old Abhir Ghalke from Bunts Sangha’s S.M. Shetty International School & Junior College, Mumbai joins us in this episode. He describes the myriad steps involved in building the solar system, galaxies and even black holes. Abhir, who is a bit of a space geek himself, has many trivia and jokes up his sleeve. Listen to the full episode to find out more and then attempt the below crossword puzzle to know your Minecraft understanding.

Episode 82 with Vedanshi

If you have pondered ways of testing your smarts against a computer, a game of chess will likely pop into your head. But some scientists decided to make things fun. They decided to use a 1970s video game called Pong, to test some real smarts. Think black and white screen, a paddle moving up and down, and a ball that bounces off the sides of the screen. Sounds odd? I mean, in this day and age, why not use an Xbox right?

Here’s the real clincher. The scientists did NOT test a real person’s brain, while playing this. But they used a brain that has been grown in a petri dish. Vedanshi, a 10-year old from Bunts Sangha’s S.M. Shetty International School & Junior College, Mumbai, explains this piece of science-fiction in simple and easy terms. Listen to the full episode to understand how this brain (a little less smart than that of a cockroach) has mastered the art of playing Pong – all by itself. 

Vedanshi does a real cool job of explaining artificial intelligence of an artificial brain. 

Episode 81 with Mitansh

The world’s richest man wants to let everyone have an equal say in the world. He wants everyone to share their ideas – no matter if they are Thanos or one of the Avengers. Elon Musk went ahead and bought a company Twitter to allow just that – all for all. No half measures.

In this episode, Mitansh from DPS Nagpur discusses the dash of ‘spices’ that Elon Musk has brought along. Rocked by a lot of loans to be paid off, Musk has begun firing most of the staff. Mitansh describes what he thinks of this maverick entrepreneur and his opinions about whether Twitter will likely survive.

Episode 80 with Zachary

Planet Earth is getting warmer. Some leaders meet every year to talk about what they can do to combat climate change. Few countries go home and do something to reduce their emissions. In the midst of all this rather gloomy news is another interesting twist – although poor countries have hardly emitted any greenhouse gases, they are facing storms and floods. Some island nations could be at the brink of being submerged forever. Take a moment and think about this – these countries caused little or no carbon emissions in the past. But they are facing extreme weather events. Is this fair?

In this episode, 11-year old Zachary from California shares his thoughts about how the developed world owes the developing world. Zach believes rich countries need to help the poor countries rebuild their nations after such extreme climate events. He also walks us through some of the simple things that you and I can do, in terms of identifying the right items to recycle and segregate waste responsibly. Do you have any ideas of your own, on the topic of climate change or waste recycling? We’d love to hear them at [email protected]

Episode 79 with Neil

The war in Ukraine took several unexpected turns, first with the Ukrainian defence of its capital Kiev and the united support of several Western countries. 13-year old Neil from G.D.Goenka School, Lucknow, who has taken a keen interest in tracking the events of the Ukraine war, walks us through initial attack by Russia. He also explains the kind of support that the US and other countries lent Ukraine to help it fend off the attacks by Russia.

Also joining us in this episode is 11-year old Trayee who speaks about how space-technology has played a much more key role in this war, than it has in any other war in the recent years. She speaks about how initial images captured by military satellites warned Ukraine of the impending attack. She also outlines how commercial satellites owned by Elon Musk helped Ukraine get its information and communication, up and running real quick. You can also find out more about how GPS has played a key role in guiding missiles.

Episode 78 with Azlaan

Paolo Fanciulli, a fisherman who lives in Italy was always fascinated by shipwrecks and the fish and the algae that grew in them. He noticed also how it was getting harder to get any fish while casting his fishing nets thanks to trawling by large fishing companies. He noticed that nobody really cared about how these trawling nets were destroying the marine ecosystem. Apart from catching fish, they also caught a lot of the posidonia (or seagrass) which helped form nests for lobsters, sea bream and red gurnards to lay their eggs.

In this episode, 10-year old Azlaan from Army Public School, Barackpore, India talks about a creative solution that Paolo Fanciulli came up with. He decided to drop a few concrete blocks into the ocean. Next up, he wondered, after all – I live in Italy, the centre of art. So he got some sculptors to carve beautiful giant pieces and dropped these into the ocean as well. These works of art prevented trawling by ripping the nets apart, if they tried scraping the seafloor near the sculptures. 

Azlaan explains how these sculptures not only stop illegal trawling but also help this part of the ocean become a tourist attraction. Tourists could dive and see the beautiful corals and fishes that form on these sculptures and swim around this museum. If given a chance, Azlaan would like to add a spiderman sculpture to this museum. Listen to this episode fully to find out more about the story.

Episode 77 with Suyanshi

The island of Taiwan which is 100 miles away from China is key for us to create this podcast and for you to listen to it. In case you are wondering, the host of this podcast does not live there. But our recording equipments, our editing tools and the device on which you are now listening to this podcast – are most likely made with one important part called the semi-conductor chip. Taiwan is the single largest manufacturer of these chips. If Taiwanese decide to take off and go on a long holiday, people around the world would be left staring at their Amazon orders showing a delivery date of 6 months from now.

In this episode, 15-year old Suyanshi from GD Goenka School, Lucknow explains how Taiwan became so important for our lives. She describes the history of the settlers in Taiwan and why China thinks it is simply a breakaway province. She also walks us through why Taiwanese engineers moved back to their island to build one of the most powerful industries in the world.

Episode 76 with Arav

If you remember the tales about why dinosaurs went extinct, one of the common stories is that a meteorite crashed into earth. Some scientists in NASA who were thinking about this story were curious to see if we could avoid such a fate, if a meteorite came crashing into earth. And humans might become extinct. In this episode, 10-year Arav from Emerald Heights school, Indore, describes NASA’s daring mission into space.

For the first time ever, humans sent a spacecraft to move the path of a celestial body. The celestial body was an asteroid called Dimorphus. The spacecraft was called the DART mission. This spacecraft, which was the size of a giant refrigerator flying into space with two light sabres coming out of it, rammed into the asteroid. And yippee! the mission was a success. The asteroid’s path was changed.

Before you ask, this asteroid posed NO threat to earth. This was just a simple experiment to find if spacecrafts could change the orbit of asteroids. So, we can be prepared for an actual collision course reaction. 

Episode 75 with Taanvi

More than 50 years ago, an orca whale called Lolita was captured from the Pacific Ocean, when she was swimming alongside her mother and 6 siblings. Lolita has since then had to live in a tiny water tank in Miami and has been entertaining thousands of tourists. But now, the fate of many such marine animals is all set to change. Hollywood animatronic makers and marine biologists have worked on creating a really cool set of robotic dolphins. 10-year olf Taanvi from Ohio, USA speaks about this innovation that is all set to change the world. 

 

Animatronic dolphins are made from scratch by a set of artists who first sketch the creature. Then, they create a mould of the creature – much the same way we make a gingerbread man with playdoh. And then, they break each part separately and insert electronic chips in each part so that it can be made to behave the way we want each part to. These dolphins are currently being made by a company called Edge Innovtions in New Zealand and a few amusement parks in China have already started using them. Yippee! To a free and carefree world for our marine animals!

Episode 74 with Vidyut, Adya and Yoshika

This is Part 2 of the Nobel Prize winners for 2022. If you would like to listen to the super-fun stories in Part 1, please click here to listen to episode 69.

The winners for Chemistry, according to 10-year old Vidyut might open the doors for curing diseases such as cancer. As Vidyut explains, these laureates have discovered something called click chemistry, which is a lot like letting two lego blocks click together. 

The winners for Economics, as 11-yr old Adya explains, might keep our money in the banks safer. And also in the event of a big problem, or an economic crisis, the governments would fund the banks to stop the crises from going on and on, or atleast longer than 3-4 years.

The winner for Literature, as 10 yr old Yoshika explains, is an inspiration for anyone to be honest and authentic about their writings. Autobiographical non-fiction genre of writing has received a big boost from this year’s winner – Annie Ernaux.

Episode 73 with Anura

Remote controlled cars and planes are toys we are familiar with. A remote-controlled fish that can not just swim, but also eat the plastic pieces floating in the water is now around. Chinese scientists from Sichuan University have developed this little piece of marvel, in a bid to keep our oceans clean. 10-year Anura from Emerald Heights School, Indore, describes how micro-plastics is a big problem both for our fishes and for land animals.

More than 80% of us have micro-plastics in our blood. Ouch! How did we start eating plastics? Anura discusses some ways of how we get it into our foods and beverages. (a) Drinking tea from a tea bag releases more than a few billion micro-plastics into our tea. Oh! we’ll remember to make our tea the old fashioned way – boil some water and let our tea leaves steep in them. (b) Sea-salt can also carry micro-plastics given the large amount of plastics already absorbed by the sea-water. 

This robotic fish from China can now start swimming in our oceans and eat up the plastics in the water. If a shark were to swim by and accidentally consume this robot, Anura assures us that the shark won’t get a stomach ache, since the robotic fish is made of a material that is eco-friendly.

Episode 72 with Amogh

Serena Williams and Roger Federer are synonymous with tennis. Both of them have dominated the sport, with a trail of Grand Slam titles and plenty of tennis records shattered. In this episode, 13-year Amogh from Michigan, a teen fond of playing both tennis and golf, walks us through the careers of these two tennis stars. Serena showed incredible promise as a sportsperson even when she was just a toddler. Her father Richard Williams is credited with coaching her in the early years. Federer, on the other hand, dabbled across a few sports, including tennis and did not become very serious about the sport until he was nearly 12. 

When Serena won her first Grand Slam, she was only the second ever African-American woman to win one. When Federer won his first Grand Slam, he was the first ever Swiss male to win one. Both were sources of inspiration to their respective communities.

Episode 71 with Niranjan
Horses running around freely have brainwaves that are calming in nature, while those that are cooped in their lonely stables are depressed. Or at-least that’s what the headset worn by horses show us in an experiment. If this reminds you of our times during the lockdown at home, you are right. Animals like pigs, lobsters, crabs, octopuses and many more have been found sentient (which means, they can feel emotions and can have mental health issues, just like we all do). In this episode, 11-year old Niranjan discusses how laws are changing to recognise these scientific discoveries.

For instance, some countries in Europe are banning caged hens, some others are banning fur farming. Amsterdam will no longer allow customers in restaurants to boil lobsters alive and consume them. All a mark of our recognition that animals feel emotions – including depression, anger, pain or even excitement.
Horses running around freely have brainwaves that are calming in nature, while those that are cooped in their lonely stables are depressed. Or at-least that’s what the headset worn by horses show us in an experiment. If this reminds you of our times during the lockdown at home, you are right. Animals like pigs, lobsters, crabs, octopuses and many more have been found sentient (which means, they can feel emotions and can have mental health issues, just like we all do). In this episode, 11-year old Niranjan discusses how laws are changing to recognise these scientific discoveries.

For instance, some countries in Europe are banning caged hens, some others are banning fur farming. Amsterdam will no longer allow customers in restaurants to boil lobsters alive and consume them. All a mark of our recognition that animals feel emotions – including depression, anger, pain or even excitement.
Episode 70 with Ananya
Eiffel tower is synonymous with its colourful lights at night. But the electricity shortage in Europe has forced the mayor of Paris to announce that lights will be turned off on the Eiffel tower an hour earlier than usual (by 11pm).
Many monuments and government buildings across Europe (Germany and Spain included) will be turning off lights at night for the first time in decades. People have been asked to save electricity by not heating their homes beyond 19C. What’s worse, many parts of Europe may even have to brace for long power cuts. People are collecting firewood as a backup. Sounds like a throwback to stone age? 14-year old Ananya Mathur from DPS Nagpur (Kamptee Road), conveys her ideas on why these Stone Age images are flashing across our minds. Europe has been heavily dependent on Russia for their energy. Russia has refused to supply natural gas and fossil fuels to Europe, since Europe imposed sanctions on Russia after the Ukraine war. An eye-for-an-eye, you could say. Ananya leaves us with a hard question to ponder – when this should have been an opportunity for countries to double-down on renewable energy, why are the developed countries moving back to cheaper fossil fuels to combat this crisis?
Eiffel tower is synonymous with its colourful lights at night. But the electricity shortage in Europe has forced the mayor of Paris to announce that lights will be turned off on the Eiffel tower an hour earlier than usual (by 11pm).
Many monuments and government buildings across Europe (Germany and Spain included) will be turning off lights at night for the first time in decades. People have been asked to save electricity by not heating their homes beyond 19C. What’s worse, many parts of Europe may even have to brace for long power cuts. People are collecting firewood as a backup. Sounds like a throwback to stone age? 14-year old Ananya Mathur from DPS Nagpur (Kamptee Road), conveys her ideas on why these Stone Age images are flashing across our minds. Europe has been heavily dependent on Russia for their energy. Russia has refused to supply natural gas and fossil fuels to Europe, since Europe imposed sanctions on Russia after the Ukraine war. An eye-for-an-eye, you could say. Ananya leaves us with a hard question to ponder – when this should have been an opportunity for countries to double-down on renewable energy, why are the developed countries moving back to cheaper fossil fuels to combat this crisis?
Episode 69 with Eesha, Naren & Trayee

When Alfred Nobel read his obituary (much to his surprise), he was horrified to read its contents. His invention (the dynamite) had caused much destruction in the world. The newspapers wrote unflattering remarks about his achievements. Much affected by what he read about himself, Nobel set upon working towards bequeathing his wealth to achievers in different fields, who have helped mankind make great progress. This year was no exception. A distinguished set of people and organisations won the 6 prestigious Nobel prizes awarded in 2022 (October is when they announce the winners annually).In this episode, 12-year old Eesha, 10-year old Naren and 11-year old Trayee speaking about the winners in Physics, Medicine and Peace. In Physics, Eesha explains how particles sitting on different ends of the cosmos might still be able to communicate (faster than light?). This quantum entanglement has won the prize in Physics. Naren speaks about how new techniques to sequence the DNA of Neanderthals can help us understand how we (you and I included) have evolved. Trayee speaks about the stellar work that human rights activists in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine have accomplished tirelessly.

When Alfred Nobel read his obituary (much to his surprise), he was horrified to read its contents. His invention (the dynamite) had caused much destruction in the world. The newspapers wrote unflattering remarks about his achievements. Much affected by what he read about himself, Nobel set upon working towards bequeathing his wealth to achievers in different fields, who have helped mankind make great progress. This year was no exception. A distinguished set of people and organisations won the 6 prestigious Nobel prizes awarded in 2022 (October is when they announce the winners annually).In this episode, 12-year old Eesha, 10-year old Naren and 11-year old Trayee speaking about the winners in Physics, Medicine and Peace. In Physics, Eesha explains how particles sitting on different ends of the cosmos might still be able to communicate (faster than light?). This quantum entanglement has won the prize in Physics. Naren speaks about how new techniques to sequence the DNA of Neanderthals can help us understand how we (you and I included) have evolved. Trayee speaks about the stellar work that human rights activists in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine have accomplished tirelessly.

Episode 68 with Anya

Barbie has long held a unique place and symbolised pretty looks. Not anymore. The company Mattel which makes Barbie dolls has pivoted towards showing Barbie dolls with a stronger personality. Barbie dolls are no longer just pretty faces with fancy shoes and bags. They also represent women with a purpose, profession and positive perspective. In this episode, 10th grader Anya Chaturvedi from DPS Nagpur speaks eloquently about Mattel’s pivot in its line-up of Barbie dolls.Mattel, in a survey, found that most mothers were concerned about the lack of positive role models in their children’s toys. This was a catalyst for a change in Barbie’s new introductions. You can now find a Barbie who looks like Amelia Earhart (the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic), Jane Goodall (a primatologist) and Ashley Graham (a supermodel who is plus-size). Mattel hopes that these Barbie models will inspire girls to pursue sports or science and not merely just grow up with shopping and cooking on their agenda

Barbie has long held a unique place and symbolised pretty looks. Not anymore. The company Mattel which makes Barbie dolls has pivoted towards showing Barbie dolls with a stronger personality. Barbie dolls are no longer just pretty faces with fancy shoes and bags. They also represent women with a purpose, profession and positive perspective. In this episode, 10th grader Anya Chaturvedi from DPS Nagpur speaks eloquently about Mattel’s pivot in its line-up of Barbie dolls.Mattel, in a survey, found that most mothers were concerned about the lack of positive role models in their children’s toys. This was a catalyst for a change in Barbie’s new introductions. You can now find a Barbie who looks like Amelia Earhart (the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic), Jane Goodall (a primatologist) and Ashley Graham (a supermodel who is plus-size). Mattel hopes that these Barbie models will inspire girls to pursue sports or science and not merely just grow up with shopping and cooking on their agenda

Episode 67 with Nayra
Most of us have played with a remote-controlled car that we like to guide across several surfaces – both inside and outside our homes. It appears that the child in us (who loves such remote controlled cars) never left the minds of some Japanese scientists.  Recently, they created a cyborg cockroach. Its movements are controlled remotely by scientists. They guide it to crawl under the debris and rubble of earthquakes. The camera attached to this cockroach can help people identify any humans who are trapped and are in need of urgent rescue.

If this sounds like a piece of science fiction, our 8-year old co-host Nayra assures us that she has read plenty of articles and watched videos showing how this works. In the real world. Nayra also speaks about another creation (or more of an alternate training) to rats. Hero rats have been trained to sniff out landmines, and clean large tracts of lands, thus making them safe for people to use these lands without fear.

Most of us have played with a remote-controlled car that we like to guide across several surfaces – both inside and outside our homes. It appears that the child in us (who loves such remote controlled cars) never left the minds of some Japanese scientists.  Recently, they created a cyborg cockroach. Its movements are controlled remotely by scientists. They guide it to crawl under the debris and rubble of earthquakes. The camera attached to this cockroach can help people identify any humans who are trapped and are in need of urgent rescue.

If this sounds like a piece of science fiction, our 8-year old co-host Nayra assures us that she has read plenty of articles and watched videos showing how this works. In the real world. Nayra also speaks about another creation (or more of an alternate training) to rats. Hero rats have been trained to sniff out landmines, and clean large tracts of lands, thus making them safe for people to use these lands without fear.

Episode 66 with Pritika
Why glaciers are melting in the Himalayas and rivers are flooding Pakistan
From faraway in space, if an alien happened to use a pair of binoculars, he might have easily mistaken Pakistan for a large river, or a bunch islands sticking out an inland sea. Certainly not for one of the most fertile lands growing fragrant and aromatic spices and rice.More than a fifth of Pakistan is underwater and is witness to one of the largest natural catastrophes. Sadly Pakistan maybe paying the price of global warming despite contributing to less than 1% of global greenhouse emissions. 11-year old Pritika Mathur thinks this is unfair. Developed countries have benefited from industrial development and left developing countries to bear the brunt of the impact. The third pole, as this region of the Himalayas is called, contains the largest collection of glaciers and ice, outside of the North and South Pole. Through a combination of glaciers melting and excess rainfall, the people of rural Pakistan (especially farmers) have lost most of their land, crops and livestock to floods, not seen in centuries

From faraway in space, if an alien happened to use a pair of binoculars, he might have easily mistaken Pakistan for a large river, or a bunch islands sticking out an inland sea. Certainly not for one of the most fertile lands growing fragrant and aromatic spices and rice.More than a fifth of Pakistan is underwater and is witness to one of the largest natural catastrophes. Sadly Pakistan maybe paying the price of global warming despite contributing to less than 1% of global greenhouse emissions. 11-year old Pritika Mathur thinks this is unfair. Developed countries have benefited from industrial development and left developing countries to bear the brunt of the impact. The third pole, as this region of the Himalayas is called, contains the largest collection of glaciers and ice, outside of the North and South Pole. Through a combination of glaciers melting and excess rainfall, the people of rural Pakistan (especially farmers) have lost most of their land, crops and livestock to floods, not seen in centuries

Episode 65 with Vedant
The father of science fiction and how he shaped modern Marvel and Geronimo Stilton works
If you have heard of the ‘time-machine’, you are already familiar with the father of science fiction – H.G.Wells. Sep 21 was H.G.Wells’ birthday and we look at the works he has created, in this episode. When he wrote his works of science fiction, little may he have imagined that he was going to inspire generations of authors and children. Marvel and DC characters are richer thanks to the elements of science fiction woven into them – whether it is Iron Man’s tech-fired suit or the ability of the Avengers to time travel.
The Magic Tree House series of books takes its young protagonists on trips through both space and time.

In this episode, a 11-year old bookworm – Vedant from Singapore, explains why he think H.G.Wells wrote some of his bizarre science fiction stories, and about the author’s socialist ideals.Vedant also tries to look into the future and speaks of what he would like to see. ‘Would children really have to do their homework by themselves?”Does anyone go to school, in Vedant’s version of the future’You can find answers to these questions and more in this episode. A science fiction story plot has been given by Vedant in this episode.

Episode 64 with Advik
Space News - Are we really going to the moon on the 'Artemis' missions?
Quite recently, NASA launched its next set of missions named ‘Artemis’ – the Greek Goddess of the moon, to send people once again back to the moon. The last time we set foot on the moon, astronauts went aboard the space shuttle Apollo, who is the twin of the Greek Goddess Artemis. NASA’s current mission to the moon hopes to take off from where Apollo left off.In this episode, with a vibrant 7-year old Advik from India, we explore how this mission is also expected to bring greater racial and gender diversity to the space missions.Advik adds colour to why Artemis Mission I has had some technical glitches and when it is expected to take off next

Quite recently, NASA launched its next set of missions named ‘Artemis’ – the Greek Goddess of the moon, to send people once again back to the moon. The last time we set foot on the moon, astronauts went aboard the space shuttle Apollo, who is the twin of the Greek Goddess Artemis. NASA’s current mission to the moon hopes to take off from where Apollo left off.In this episode, with a vibrant 7-year old Advik from India, we explore how this mission is also expected to bring greater racial and gender diversity to the space missions.Advik adds colour to why Artemis Mission I has had some technical glitches and when it is expected to take off next

Episode 63 with Adya
Countries & Global News - What does Queen Elizabeth II passing away mean for you and me
Queen Elizabeth II, the oldest reigning British monarch recently passed away. She had ruled Britain for over 70 years and had many firsts to her name. Including, the first monarch to send an email. If the word ‘queen’ brings to your mind images of a lady declaring wars and riding her army into the battleground, well, this is not the royal duty she discharged. Kings and queens in the modern world don’t have the power they had earlier. In this episode, 11-year old Adya explains how they are really different.Now that the queen has passed away, and her son King Charles III has ascended the throne (at the age of 73), does that change anything in the world? How does that affect people like you and me? Or does it only change things in Britain? Listen to the episode in full to find answers to this and more.

Queen Elizabeth II, the oldest reigning British monarch recently passed away. She had ruled Britain for over 70 years and had many firsts to her name. Including, the first monarch to send an email. If the word ‘queen’ brings to your mind images of a lady declaring wars and riding her army into the battleground, well, this is not the royal duty she discharged. Kings and queens in the modern world don’t have the power they had earlier. In this episode, 11-year old Adya explains how they are really different.Now that the queen has passed away, and her son King Charles III has ascended the throne (at the age of 73), does that change anything in the world? How does that affect people like you and me? Or does it only change things in Britain? Listen to the episode in full to find answers to this and more.

Episode 62 with Umang
Science - How an extinct Tasmanian tiger is being brought back to life
Jurassic Park is a movie (and book) filled with an equal measure of wonders and horrors. It’s a story of a park filled with a group of extinct species – dinosaurs – brought to life. This episode contains a story quite similar – an extinct species of the Tasmanian tiger being brought back to life. The only difference is that this is real. It is not a piece of fiction – it is happening here and now. Ninth-grader Umang from DAV school, Durgapur speaks about the science behind this, and about how he feels about the very idea of an extinct species being brought back.Tasmania is an island state of Australia. It is 7 times the size of the Yellowstone National Park and has a rich and diverse ecosystem of animals, birds and marine creatures. Bringing back the tiger (after nearly 100 years of extinction) carries some risks. ‘Do we know if the animal can live in the jungles of Tasmania, where the climate is different from what it used to be about in the 1920s ?’You can find answers to this question and more in this episode

Jurassic Park is a movie (and book) filled with an equal measure of wonders and horrors. It’s a story of a park filled with a group of extinct species – dinosaurs – brought to life. This episode contains a story quite similar – an extinct species of the Tasmanian tiger being brought back to life. The only difference is that this is real. It is not a piece of fiction – it is happening here and now. Ninth-grader Umang from DAV school, Durgapur speaks about the science behind this, and about how he feels about the very idea of an extinct species being brought back.Tasmania is an island state of Australia. It is 7 times the size of the Yellowstone National Park and has a rich and diverse ecosystem of animals, birds and marine creatures. Bringing back the tiger (after nearly 100 years of extinction) carries some risks. ‘Do we know if the animal can live in the jungles of Tasmania, where the climate is different from what it used to be about in the 1920s ?’You can find answers to this question and more in this episode

Episode 61 with Devansh
Science news - Why humans speak and gorillas shriek
Have you wondered why humans like you and I speak in long steady voices, while gorillas, apes and chimpanzees often bounce about trees and shriek in high-pitched voices?Have you also wondered what would happen if you spoke in a shrill voice for a long time? Go ahead and try it. Or better, listen to this episode to find out what an 8-yr old boy called Devansh has found about this in a recent Science journal . A group of scientists studied our vocal chords and compared it with that of primates. Somewhere along the way, humans alone seem to have lost vocal membranes. This loss could have been a key factor in helping us speak in low and steady voices.This conversation between the host Sangeetha and our remarkably brilliant 8-yr old co-host Devansh, is entertaining and illuminating at the same time. You’d also know why Mary Poppins finds it so simple and easy to say – supercalifragilisticexpialidocious

Have you wondered why humans like you and I speak in long steady voices, while gorillas, apes and chimpanzees often bounce about trees and shriek in high-pitched voices?Have you also wondered what would happen if you spoke in a shrill voice for a long time? Go ahead and try it. Or better, listen to this episode to find out what an 8-yr old boy called Devansh has found about this in a recent Science journal . A group of scientists studied our vocal chords and compared it with that of primates. Somewhere along the way, humans alone seem to have lost vocal membranes. This loss could have been a key factor in helping us speak in low and steady voices.This conversation between the host Sangeetha and our remarkably brilliant 8-yr old co-host Devansh, is entertaining and illuminating at the same time. You’d also know why Mary Poppins finds it so simple and easy to say – supercalifragilisticexpialidocious

Episode 60 with Krishnika
Celebrating 10 years of Curiosity Rover on Planet Mars
When NASA sent the Curiosity Rover to Mars in 2012, they expected the rover to last all of one year on the Red Planet. Much to their consternation and the rest of the world’s delight, the rover shows no signs of slowing down. Even after 10 years on Mars, the Curiosity Rover continues to take photos, dig rocks, sample the atmospheric gases and do a lot more research. The rover’s batteries continue to derive energy from solar power. Who would have thought we owe much to dust for this? Like our brooms at home, the dust clouds on Mars help keep the solar panels on the rover clean, and keep them running. In this episode, a fifth-grader Krishnika Rai, explores what the Earthians have so far learnt about Mars.
The rover was sent to Mars to answer an important question ‘Could Mars have supported life at any time’? To find out the answer to this question, listen to the full episode with 10-year old Krishnika from DAV Model school, Durgapur. The 17 cameras on the rover, its fancy spectrometer and digger – are features we explore in this episode. In addition, the rover was also sent to a specific part of the planet – Mount Sharp, where sediments over many years yields fascinating details of what Mars was like, many years ago. In this episode, we explore science along with a 10-year old, about what Mount Sharp has told our scientists.
'Climate' Special with Siddhi
A great green wall is rising out of the sands of a desert
The Sahara desert has been spreading southwards, as global warming and deforestation have been on the rise. To prevent its spread, the idea of a great green wall – a wall made of trees, rather than bricks, was mooted in 2007. The trees, plants and shrubs are to help the local communities find more jobs, grow their own food and also prevent further migration out of Africa. In this episode, an eighth grader Siddhi, from Ahlcon Public School, Delhi, discusses the impact of this wall on the rest of the world as well.
The Amazon rainforests are losing space to urbanisation. Many green parks are being cut down in cities. This Great Green Wall in Africa is one of the few projects that might be a welcome change. In addition, this episode also discusses vertical green walls – those balconies and walls inside buildings that are home to plenty of plants. ‘Who started the idea of green walls inside buildings and residences’ To find answers to these and more, listen to the full episode.
Episode 59 with Dhruv
Stories of migrants and medicines - a new order of the phoenix
In the Journey to the Atlantis by Geronimo Stilton, a boy who speaks an unknown language and with blue skin lands up in a new place. The mouselings set out to discover ways to help him. In this episode with the fourth grader Dhruv Agarwal from India, we discuss the news story of how California’s new law might help people who come to their country, just like Thea Stilton set out to help the boy in blue skin. Dhruv Agarwal speaks about simple yet poignant points about ‘why people migrate’ and has a ton of fun trivia concerning potato famines caused by mushrooms. 
The new policy proposed in California wants to cover basic health care (i.e. give it to people for free), even if they have entered the country illegally! The only other place on earth where this is already in vogue – is in Thailand. Dhruv (who we think is a budding lawyer in the making), argues both ways – why they should not get free medicines, and why they should. If you want to find out more about how a 9-year old thinks about free healthcare, there really is only one way to find out – Listen to the full episode (12 mins) 🙂
Episode 58 with Ayaansh
How coral reefs are being brought back to good health
For long we have been hearing news about how our marine ecosystem has been declining. In this episode, we discuss some positive developments in our oceans. The Great Barrier Reef is showing signs of recovering in nearly a third of the area, which had almost been bleached until a few years ago. Many government and not-for-profit organisations have instituted measures that help clean up coral reefs.An almost 7-year old Ayaansh who joins us to discuss this news story, also discusses the single largest threat to our marine ecosystem – plastics.
He speaks of his own personal experiences where he has seen ocean plastic discarded carelessly has floated back to beaches, soiling these pristine environments. Also, we discuss how ghost fishing gear, which are effectively discarded or lost fishing nets continue to threaten the lives of marine creatures. Some may get caught, while some may end up eating or ingesting these plastics. Both actions can be fatal to their lives.
Episode 57 with Aditya
Paralympics gaining greater glory than sports for people with 2 legs
Sports exist for people who are differently abled, but emojis for these are yet to be created – that’s paralympics in a nutshell. Some of these inspiring stories of people with fewer limbs swimming or playing table tennis on a wheelchair, are an inspiration to all of us. Paralympians such as Juan Reyes (who swims with one leg and no arms), Bhavina Patel (who plays table tennis seated on a wheelchair), Deepa Malik (who also manages to win medals in short put seated on a wheelchair), Devendra Jhajharia (who manages to throw javelins with one arm only) and Terezinha Guilhermina (who manages to run on an Olympic track while being blind) are all a proof of our minds knowing no limitations.  
Listen to this episode with Aditya Thogaru, an eighth grader from Ahlcon Public School, Delhi, discussing why sports is important for all – abled or differently abled. As this 13-year old co-host on this episode, describes – the next time he is faced with a difficult Math problem, he’s ready to plod through it and solve it without batting an eyelid. Did you know that India wins nearly thrice as many medals in Paralympics than in Olympics? Did you know that India had won an Paralympic gold in javelin throw many years before Neeraj Chopra won one in the Olympics? Did you know that for every blind sprinter, there is a guide-runner who is equally fit and mentally alert? This is an episode filled with trivia that can both inspire us and enlighten us. Do give it a listen 🙂
Episode 56 with Trayee
Why Russia will allow Ukraine ships to pass through the Black Sea
Many people in Africa and Asia have been going without essential food ever since the Ukraine war broke out. While soldiers in Ukraine have been busy fighting the war, the farmers of Ukraine have also been busy sowing, planting and harvesting grains from their fields. Because, Ukraine is a very big supplier of wheat and sunflower oil to the world. The farmers of Ukraine have also stocked their harvest in their warehouses. But, but, but, the harvest has been sitting there with nowhere to go, since the ships that would have carried this produce to Africa and Middle East Asia are now blocked. Russian naval ships are sitting in the Black Sea, unwilling to permit any Ukrainian ship leaving their ports. People from lots of countries have requested the United Nations to intervene and request Russia to let food grains reach other parts of the world. 
Or, we might have a global hunger crises about to brew. Much to the relief, Russia finally consented earlier in August 2022 and has let some ships pass through the Black Sea, and headed to countries like Egypt and Lebanon. Food prices all over the world have already gone up significantly ever since the pandemic started. With the wheat shortage from Ukraine, the poor have been struggling even more. This recent news permitting ships with grains to move out of Ukraine has brought some respite to people from Africa and Asia. The war has brought untold miseries. But here’s a piece of positive news that children will enjoy reading.
Episode 55 with Aadya
How extinct cheetahs are being brought back to India
Commemorating India’s 75 years of independence, the government of India plans to bring African cheetahs from Namibia. In this episode, 12-year old Aadya discusses the reasons for cheetahs going extinct in the past and where these cheetahs stand the best chances of survival. India has had reasonable success in ensuring healthy populations of other animals that were earlier on the brink of extinction (including the lions and rhinos). Aadya, the daughter of an officer from the Indian army, also speaks at length about how she has moved many towns, cities and schools just during her primary school years. She also speaks about the tough life of people serving in the defence forces.

As an update to this episode, India is yet to get those cheetahs from Namibia. Since India wants to release these cheetahs into the wilderness of our national parks, India is not happy with some of the cheetahs Namibia has selected to send across to us – cheetahs bred in captivity. Indian national parks still await those cheetahs!

Episode 54 with Pragnya
Why the whale shark is the world's biggest omnivore
The Kodiak bear, which has long held the prized position as the world’s largest omnivore has been recently unseated by the whale shark. Marine biologists have long wondered about the diet of many giant creatures of the ocean.
Sharks open their mouths wide to consume fish. Alongside these tiny creatures, plenty of algae, zooplankton and other plant varieties also float into their mouths. The fish biologist Mark Meekan, who was swimming in the waters of the Indian Ocean, was able to locate 17 whale sharks that had swum close to the surface of the ocean. A group of enthusiastic biologists jumped into the ocean and found their way around to get samples of the body tissues of these whale sharks. 
They published their findings that whale sharks not only consumed plants but also ingested the content of plants as well. This makes them the largest omnivore on earth. Bears, move aside. If you would like to read more about this discovery in detail, click hereAnother interesting discovery about one of the tinier omnivores on earth
– the rats and mice, has led us to believe that mice are incredibly empathetic and caring. Scientists placed one of two mice inside a closed bottle and the other outside. The mouse outside, not very long after, figured how to open the bottle and help its friend out. Even more interesting is that, the mice preferred freeing their friend first, even if it meant foregoing a platter of chocolate chip cookies. If you thought dogs were the only friendly creatures, think again.
Episode 53 with Vidyut
Why the earth spun super fast and we had the shortest day in 60 years
If you felt strange on June 29, 2022 – a bit fuzzy or if you were hiccupping continuously, you won’t need a doctor. Because you, like many others, may have felt the effect of the earth spinning very fast on that day. It’s been the shortest day recorded (in the last 60 years) – short by 1.59 milliseconds. Vidyut, a 10-year old who joined us on this episode, plunged into a full scale discussion of the causes and impact of this super short day. If you have questions like ‘what do glaciers have to do with the length of a day?’ or ‘my GPS isn’t working properly and is off by 6 miles in a random direction’, or, ‘does the earth have an ocean called the southern ocean?’, listen to this episode. You’ll stumble upon answers to these and more. You may also stumble out of your chair, clutching your stomach and laughing real hard. Vidyut’s incomparable imagination lets the listener get a glimpse into the similarities between the earth and one of his favourite foods.Did anything unusual happen to you on the 29-June-2022?

To assuage any concerns that readers of the blog may have so far, scientists are considering setting the atomic clock backwards by introducing something called a ‘negative leap second’. Simply put, it will take away a second from a day. Some day. In future. This will take care that all your phones, laptops, satellites and GPS on all devices work without a hitch. But, but, but, not many companies like Google and Facebook are sure that this will work well. They are a bit scared that some of these devices won’t like subtracting seconds from their clocks. We’ll wait and watch. 

Episode 52 with Tejas
How winning medals has made athletics, cricket and football more accessible
Winning medals in weightlifting, judo and javelin throw have brought a variety of sports into the ambit of many children in India. 13-year old Tejas, who plays cricket professionally (and is equally adept at football) speaks about his own experiences. Today, more children in India have access to pursuing sports professionally, compared to a couple of decades ago. This also coincides with the period when India started winning medals in more sports than ever. Cricket, which had remained the main source of earnings and pride for most Indians, began to pave the way for individual sports as well. Also, soccer, thanks in large part to the growing popularity of the game, has also become more accessible in India.

In this episode, we also discuss why people from North East -who represent less than 4% of the population in India, have an overwhelming share (>25%) of those training at the Sports Authority of India (SAI). They also represent a strong majority amongst those winning medals for India – including Mirabai Chanu, Mary Kom, Kalpani Devi and Bombayla Devi Laishram. In this podcast, you can listen to a conversation with a teenager from Assam, who describes the strong affinity towards sports – that most teens in the region have – both men and women. The world-class facilities set up by previous medal winners, helps a lot. The natural terrain, with its mountains and valleys also plays no small part in ensuring the overall fitness levels of people from this region. Nevertheless, children today from all over India are proud in no small part, of the contribution of those from the North East.

Episode 51 with Keshav
How the International Space Station works and who wants to break away

The ISS is a satellite, as big as a football ground, that you can spot from your own terraces. It’s a giant building that was set up in space over a period of more than 10 years. Different rockets carried parts of this giant facility over nearly a decade and assembled the pieces up, in space. Imagine a group of construction workers kitted in spacesuits and nailing windows and doors to a floating home. The credit for construction and maintenance of this space goes to 5 different space agencies that came together to set this up. Space agencies including NASA from the US, Canada, Japan, Russia and Europe have been co-operating for over 20 years.

The ISS functions as a laboratory for scientists to conduct experiments on how the human body functions in microgravity. They also study the growth different organisms in microgravity, which scientists hope will offer humanity some breakthrough cures for medical conditions. It’s not all work and no play on the ISS. The astronauts do take a break and play a game of chess (yes, someone from space played against someone on earth over the internet, a few years ago). Of the 5 space agencies that operate and maintain the ISS, Russia wants to exit this venture. Part of this move is likely in retaliation against sanctions by the Western government following the invasion of Ukraine. Listen to this conversation with 8-yr old Keshav, who, apart from knowing the names of the planets in the solar system, also happens to be quite up-to-date on business plans of SpaceX and the networth of the billionaires on earth.

Episode 50 with Shriya
How cities, smart or not, might look like in future

If the idea of spending your weekend by holding a cup of hot chocolate and a book (or a kindle, if you insist), and sitting in a park bench appeals to you, the future might be here in many streets of Paris. If you hope that kids will get more open spaces to play in, the future might already be here in Stockholm, which plans to ask cars to make way for children’s parks. If you think we need to be more attentive to waste management, the future might be here, in Barcelona, which plans to carefully track its waste disposal.In this conversation with 9-yr Shriya from India, we explore how cities might look like in another decade.

Frequent droughts and wildfires have made a greener world a necessity. Changes in technology have paved the path of optimising choices relatively easy. Tracking where urban waste ends up, has started helping policy makers decide – what to recycle, where to locate a landfill and how to reduce consumption waste. Spain is leading the way on the green waste and smart city initiative. The decision to up the share of green spaces at the cost of concrete spaces has become a policy imperative in Paris, thanks to popular vote. Listen to this episode to know what next-gen expects of the world they will inhabit.

Links:
Paris:  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/10/paris-approves-plan-to-turn-champs-elysees-into-extraordinary-garden-anne-hidalgo

Stockholm: https://innovationinpolitics.eu/showroom/project/street-moves/#:~:text=Street%20Moves%20was%20created%20by,the%20Swedish%20innovation%20agency%2C%20Vinnova

Barcelona: https://hub.beesmart.city/city-portraits/smart-city-portrait-barcelona

 

Episode 49 with Trayee
How you can be a part of a live video game with new tech 'VR goggles'

Who would have thought a pair of 3D glasses (like the ones you use to watch Marvel movies in theatres) can help us jump into a different world, atleast in our minds. In this episode, a 11-yr old tells us a story about how she fractured a couple of bones in her hand, and how watching the movie – ‘Lord Of The Rings’  kept her mind off the pain. The medical community and doctors are keen on using a similar effect to help us deal with pain. They believe that our minds can forget our  sensations, especially chronic pain, if we can immerse ourselves in a new environment. 

 

This does not need to be in the real world, as in, we do not need to physically travel to a different place to forget our pain. Instead they want us to don a pair of goggles and enter a new world and experience the new sensations in the environment around us. At-least in our minds. This new tech is called VR – virtual reality – where patients with chronic pain are finding soothing solutions and reliable therapy for their ailments. Pharmacies may start stocking these VR goggles instead of painkillers in a couple of years!

In the US, the FDA has also approved certain uses of VR for chronic pain reduction. For instance, soldiers back from war injuries, old people with painful backs and joints are often beneficiaries of this therapy.

References

https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-authorizes-marketing-virtual-reality-system-chronic-pain-reduction

https://www.healthline.com/health-news/fda-approves-a-new-virtual-reality-device-to-help-ease-chronic-pain

Nunam Electric Vehicle
Episode 48 with Abhinav
Super-fast electric cars to help autos make the air cleaner

Autorickshaws have funny and interesting names across the world. They go by tuk-tuk, baby taxi and lapa in different countries. While Tesla, BMW, Audi, Ola, Mahindra & Mahindra, Hyundai and many more companies are making electric cars that keep our air cleaner, their gentler autorickshaw cousins haven’t made much headway. But that will soon change as they get an e-lift. Nunam, an NGO has tied with Audi to take their used car batteries to power smaller auto-rickshaws. This extends the battery life, and makes traveling by quieter autos a joyous experience, all at the same time.

In this episode, with 12-year old Abhinav, you can listen to a delightful chatter between the host Sangeetha and Abhinav about cars, bikes and what will become of petrol pumps. Abhinav also has some ideas for Bhavesh Agarwal of Ola and Anand Mahindra of M&M.

This repurposing of batteries not only creates environment friendly auto-rickshaws, it also helps reduce hazardous waste. Electric car batteries, once they’ve run their course, can be a quite a bit of pain on our planet. While they reduce harmful smoke and air pollution that comes out of petrol cars, when it comes time to throw away the batteries – mother Earth is quite appalled. Because these batteries can contain chemicals that can explode, or worse, leech into the soil and harm plants and creatures in the soil.

References

https://www.gizmochina.com/2022/06/20/audi-partners-nunam-electric-rickshaws-india-old-ev-batteries/

https://www.bbc.com/news/business-56574779

Aashi Mongol Rally What's New Today Podcast
Episode 47 with Aashi
Three go on an adventure in a car trip in the Mongol Rally

The Famous Five go on adventure trips in bicycles and camp in the moors. The Secret Seven go on picnics carrying food and a dog along for adventure in the summer. In current times, we book a pretty villa somewhere in the hills and book a flight to our holiday destination. But, the Mongol Rally is a car adventure trip that might just be more adventurous than any of these. Three Indians have just left from Prague, as part of this rally, across 15 countries in Europe and Asia. There is no fixed route and there are no prizes for coming first. But, there is the challenge of driving through mountains, deserts and across rivers, with your own knowledge of your tiny car and your ability to camp in the outdoors.In this episode, a 14-yr old describes her idea of a good car holiday and what she would do, if she embarked on the Mongol Rally with her friends and family.

If you have been used to your hotel rooms booked, routes planned, dates of vacation fixed, restaurants identified on zomato, then Mongol Rally turns all that on its head. This rally lets people explore different routes, different places to camp under the sky, different barns to get milk and groceries from. The rally lets you live in the moment, come up with solutions as new contingencies arise. Also, you’ll need to know how to repair your car, because the rally also challenges you to scour terrains that are totally unsuited to a small car. And you’ve got just that – a small car – to participate in the rally.

More about the adventure trip can be found at https://www.theadventurists.com/mongol-rally/

Trayee-SL Crisis Podcast-Whats New Today
Episode 46 with Trayee
The story of the ruler who has Gota Go from his throne

Scar in Lion King, Thanos in the Marvel universe, or Zeus the Greek God got very powerful in their kingdoms. The people in their lands were upset with the decisions of the rulers. Simba came back and fought Scar off his Pride Lands. Thanos was defeated by the Avengers. Zeus was put inside a golden cage by the other Gods. A similar story is unfolding in Sri Lanka. People of the country have been left with little or no money. All thanks to the poor decisions taken by the rulers of their country – called the Rajapaksas. People have entered his palace to protest and have peacefully taken over his estate, swimming in the pool, eating from the kitchen and taking selfies.In this episode, 11-yr old Trayee narrates many stories from Disney movies and elsewhere that sound like a great parallel to this.

Rulers and thrones love to stay together. Kings do put up a royal fight when asked to be separated. The story of Gotabaya Rajapaksa in Sri Lanka is no different from the story of Lion King, or for that matter, any king.
 
For over 2 decades the family of the Rajapaksas have been in power in Sri Lanka. While they had the time, they managed to build giant airports and really long roads. Only no one flew into the airport and hardly any vehicle traversed the routes of these roads. While this may have been money wasted, it was also money they had to repay to their borrwers some day. 
In a freak-ish moment of inspiration, the Rajapaksa rulers also decided that all farmers in the country would grow nothing but, simple and pure organic crops. If you are scratching your head as to why this may be just what the doctor ordered for the environment, it just doesn’t work overnight. Organic farming yields can be often lower than fertiliser-fed crops. Overnight, where do people go for more food than they have been used to consuming, or atleast staring at, in the giant aisles of their supermarkets.

On the heels of this, came the covid pandemic which left people in the country poorer since tourists werent too keen on stepping out of their homes.

All these left the average Sri Lankan poorer and starved for food and fuel. A week ago, protesters who no longer wanted the Rajapaksas in power, walked into the palace. They made tea for themselves in the kitchen, jumped into the swimming pool and took selfies in every instagram worthy corner of the palace. Now, they are waiting for their rulers to resign and someone with a tad more sense to take over and help the nation along the way.
Episode 45 with Naren
Why superheroes at Marvel, DC and other comics are getting more diverse

Black Panther, Shang Chi, Miles Morales, Miss Marvel and America Chavez are new age superheroes. They are new age, not because their super powers are starkly different from that of others, but because they don’t look, or speak or perhaps even behave like other superheroes. They are not strictly male or white. Why are superheroes looking more different? What helps the studios create characters who hail from different ethnicities? Why is it important to create superheroes who are diverse?Listen to this conversation with 10-yr old Naren to find answers to these and more

We all wish we had some superpower like the superheroes we see in movies/comics. Recently, we saw Ms. Marvel, a superhero from Pakistan. It’s the first Marvel Superhero who is a Muslim. Oh! How I wish I could see a superhero from my country too! 

But, did you know that till about two decades back, all the superheroes were male and white? Times have changed to some extent thankfully! Nowadays we see movies with female superheroes in the lead, like Wonder Woman and Captain Marvel. There are even superheroes from different countries other than just North America. Black Panther celebrated African and African-American culture in cinema with an all-Black cast. The movie was revolutionary. For the first time ever, a Black superhero had the title role. Similarly, Shang-Chi is the first Asian superhero to get representation on big-screen media. 

I wonder if it’s really important to have more diverse superheroes on the screen? 10-yr old Naren shares how people from different countries celebrate different festivals, eat different types of food, and may also look different. So, don’t you think it’s only fair that there’s such diversity when it comes to superheroes too. Did someone magically understand Naren’s point and decide to bring new superheroes? Then have we ever thought why are superheroes looking so different these days? Unlike the past, when most scriptwriters and moviemakers were from North America, now we have scriptwriters and moviemakers from different parts of the world. So, superheroes are no longer only males from North America, phew!

Wonder Woman was directed by Patty Jenkins, who is a woman! Isn’t that exciting! Maybe someday I could watch my favorite superhero eat Idli-Sambar while wearing a saree!  

Links: 

https://thefalcon.online/11588/features/marvel-makes-history-with-inclusive-cast/

https://nerdbot.com/2019/05/05/do-superhero-films-need-to-be-more-diverse-and-inclusive/

https://thetempest.co/2021/04/28/entertainment/diversity-in-superhero-films/

Episode 44 with Adya
How your car will soon get a fitness and medical certificate

Crash tests for cars sold in India are not common. Many people who buy cars may not even know if the car they are buying gets 0 out of 5 points for its safety features. But now, all that is set to change. Beginning 2023, the government will provide for every car produced and sold in India to be tested within the country. So, if you happen to want to buy a car, you can get a fitness certificate, very soon

Magic carpets and brooms were the way Harry Potter and his friends kept getting from place A to B. Of course, once they cleared the tests at Hogwarts, they preferred Apparting (who wouldn’t). The muggles that some of us are, still get bundled along, on cars and such inventions of the modern day mankind. 
 
Most car buyers in India have said that they are really keen to know how safe their car is. Of course, this point gets a bit lost under the real decision-making indicators such as colour of the car, material used in the upholstery and some such stuff. But the government of India will have none of this. They are keen to make car buyers aware how their car would perform in the event of a crash test. My! who wants to think of gory stuff like that, you may ask. The government says from 2023 onwards, everyone in the country has got to ask this question and find the answer to this.
 
Cars made / sold in India, when subjected to the global crash test standards, have fared poorly so far, ranging fro 0-3 (out of 5) for most cars. Some do, inch above the 4 mark on occassion. Car buyers from the next year, will have the opportunity to ask their dealers if the air bags they are paying for, will actually keep their neck and skull reasonably intact in the event of a crash, and, the dealers will actually be able to tell you.
 
 
Episode 43 with Eesha
Can a giant gorilla like King Kong or Mei from Turning Red exist in the real world?

A few curious scientists got together to answer the question whether we might find a giant gorilla like the King Kong, in an island somewhere in the world. The answer to this question was published in a science journal recently, which 12-year old Eesha discusses in this episode. Giants in movies like Mei from Turning Red, or the Hulk from the Avengers have kindled the imagination of many viewers. Scientists attempt to explain, in this news journal, if mammals like pandas or humans or gorillas can ever become that big. They have also tried to explain how dinosaurs like the famed Tyrannosaurs Rex managed to grow to very large sizes, but why elephants like the woolly mammoths remained much smaller.

From King Kong to Godzilla, from Clifford the big dog to Mei as a giant panda, we are always fascinated by giants in movies. But do they really exist in reality? In the 43rd episode of WSNT podcast, the host Sangeetha along with 12-year-old Eesha from India explains the reason why dinosaurs managed to grow to very large sizes while woolly mammoths remained smaller.

Earth was once inhabited by prehistoric giants like powerful dinosaurs, huge woolly mammoths, enormous crocodiles, and snakes. However, there are currently very few large animals in our world. Why do you think this is? According to scientists, there are multiple reasons for this and we’ll try to explain it in 3 parts.

A mammal’s body is like a living furnace, it needs to keep its internal body temperature constant regardless of the outside temperature. One way they do that is by burning the food they eat (which in other words is just digestion!), their body produces heat. But then a doubt arises, if mammals generate so much heat, how do they survive in warm climates or even in deserts? Mammals are smart! Most of them use different ways to keep themselves cool. Some of them sweat to cool off, some mammals, like birds, get rid of excess body heat by breathing out! But, just think, some large mammals like elephants generally live in hotter regions, will they burst when it gets too hot? No, no way! They have a personal air-conditioner on them – their massive ears! Elephants’ ears are full of blood vessels, and that helps them pump out the heat. They also flap their ears like a fan to create a breeze to reduce their body heat. In addition to that, elephants also have very little hair on their body, and so heat doesn’t get trapped in their bodies. Hence, they can stay cool even in warm climates. 

We have seen Bruce Banner in Avengers grow into a massive giant Hulk whenever he gets angry. What if elephants grow like that and become as big as the dinosaurs? Don’t worry, let’s explain another point on being warm and cold blooded animals. Elephants are warm-blooded animals and according to scientists, dinosaurs probably were not! A warm blooded creature needs a lot of food to survive and to maintain their body temperature the same irrespetive of their hot or cold surroundings. Therefore, the food demand for an enormous elephant, for example, would be at least five times more than that of even the largest dinosaurs; they will need a lot of fuel to survive. With all that food intake, bigger elephants would generate a lot more body heat which would be difficult to control.Cold-blooded animals, on the other hand, change their body temperatures when their surroundings change. Meaning, they can become cold in Antarctica while really hot in the Savannah Desert, so cold-blooded animals can’t survive in extreme weathers. That’s why we don’t see giant reptiles anymore which existed in the past!

Coming to the last point, according to a science journal, the main cause of giant animals existing in the past was because there were plenty of resources in a bigger environment then. In other words, for a gigantic species to grow, the ecosystem must create enough air, food, and habitat. That probably explains why we still see gigantic whales in our oceans but don’t see giant dinosaurs and woolly mammoths on land! Whales have a lot of space underwater for both movement and a lot of sea-food too.

Hmm…so it looks like we may not find a King Kong on an island.. but who knows, a Godzilla may be possible (look for this giant reptile okay?) 

I guess, these giant animals can only exist in our imagination and in some fun movies too. Yayyy to that! In reality, even if mammals magically generate some genes to produce less body heat, they won’t have enough food and other resources. Dinosaurs were far less warm-blooded than most mammals and could maintain their body temperatures with changes in surroundings, but do you think they can survive now – such large animals, needing lots of food and air? Assuming they even get steady supplies, giant animals won’t have enough space to move around freely with their huge bodies.

A fun trivia discussed in this podcast: Did you know that you can identify two species of elephants by their ears? Interestingly, African elephants have large ears shaped like the continent of Africa whereas Asian elephants have comparatively smaller ears. Now start making jungle safari plans with your family (or for immediate joy, google for elephant pictures and identify the species with their ears) 🙂

Links: 

https://www.livescience.com/why-no-more-giant-animals

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19771-why-mammals-grew-big-and-then-stopped/

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19771-why-mammals-grew-big-and-then-stopped/

https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_Introductory_Biology_(CK-12)/12%3A_Vertebrates/12.28%3A_Mammal_Endothermy

https://thebiologynotes.com/cold-blooded-vs-warm-blooded-animals/

Episode 42 with Shravan
Why people love to visit Japan and what you can do there during your vacation

Japan, after 2 long years during this pandemic, has finally opened itself to tourists who can now visit the Land of the Rising Sun.  In this episode, 9-year old Shravan speaks about his summer vacations in Europe and how this differs from life in Asia. While Japan has announced opening itself to the world, they still remain very careful about how people can move around in their country. For instance, you cannot wake up one morning in a hotel in Tokyo and decide to take a stroll down a market, without being accompanied by a tour guide. The Japanese are still quite careful about mask-wearing and social distancing. So, a tour guide accompanying you everywhere is Japan’s way of enforcing these restrictions.

We all love traveling, don’t we! Whether it’s playing with water and sand on the beaches or even hiking on mountains. Some of us also like to visit museums or buy souvenirs while traveling. With the pandemic over the last couple of years, many of us couldn’t travel for a long time. That was so difficult! But, many countries are lifting their covid restrictions now and one such country is Japan, the land of the rising sun, which finally opened itself to tourists.

Japan is a country in East Asia that consists of many islands. It is one of the most technologically and literately developed countries. Many things which we use today were invented by Japanese – like the awesome emojis that we use while texting! Japan is known for lots of things – its symmetrical volcano – Mt. Fuji, the many beautiful mountains there,its bamboo forests, the fun Japanese comic books mangas, Japanese anime cartoons, the cherry blossom flowers, and sometimes even Pandas 🙂 

Trivia, did you know that Japanese comic books (Mangas) are mostly always in black and white? We wonder if it’s because Pandas are also black and white! Since 

In this podcast episode, 9-year-old Shravan from Singapore talks about his summer vacation to a few countries in Europe. He traveled to Amsterdam and Paris, where he joyously mentioned that he didn’t need to wear any mask. He added that most European countries don’t have the rule of mandatory wearing masks. 

But alas! Japan is vigilant about how travelers tour their country. It is mandatory for a tourist to have a tour-guide with the from the time they arrive in Japan to the time they depart. For instance, you cannot wake up one morning in a hotel in Tokyo and decide to take a stroll down a market, without being accompanied by a tour guide! The Japanese are still quite careful about mask-wearing and social distancing. So, a tour guide accompanying you everywhere is Japan’s way of enforcing these restrictions. Back in Tokyo Olympics 2021, no spectators were allowed during those games. Imagine playing a match where no one is there to clap or cheer for you!

Well, it could be a bit disappointing to move around with a tour guide all the time. Still, we can’t help but be excited that we can finally visit all those stunning places in Japan! 

Links: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-61612599

Episode 41 with Keshav
Why fishes and corals in the Red Sea are afraid of a ship

An old old ship is lying in the Red sea, all alone. It hasn’t been cleaned, dusted or maintained for many years. 14-year Keshav  (who co-hosts this episode) thinks the ship must have gone rusted and mouldy by now. The world would not be too worried about a ship gone mouldy, except that it also contains a whole lot of crude oil. The fishes and the coral reefs have been scared of the oil spilling into the sea and frantically sounding alarm bells (just kidding, it’s the whales and the dolphins that sing and sound the alarm bells). The world wants to help this ship quickly.  Keshav talks about how he thinks we can save the ship, the oil and the fishes in the Red sea and who should pay for it.

Imagine leaving your bicycle outside unattended for many years. Would you still be able to use it after 7-8 years? There’s no doubt that the bicycle would become rusted and fall apart soon. Since 2015, an old ship has been lying on the Red sea, unattended to and stranded. It hasn’t been cleaned or maintained for many years. The world might not care about an abandoned ship, but scarily, the ship contains 1 million barrels of crude oil!

The ship, F.S.O. Safer, is named after a desert area in central Yemen, where the nation’s crude oil reserves were found. But, why should we be terrified that there’s an abandoned ship with oil barrels? The abandoned oil tanker anchored on the coast of Yemen is at risk of rupture or exploding. Oh no! It’s like a silent bomb! Something of this nature happening will be a big issue. Oil floats on water, and this amount of crude oil spill will end up causing massive environmental damage to the Red Sea marine life, and international shipping routes too. Aquatic animals won’t be able to get sunlight and would end up dying. There will be oil floating everywhere, leading to the beaches losing their charm and thus affecting tourism as well. A disaster causing too much of damage! 

In the 40th episode of our podcast, 14-year Keshav, from the United States, shared his ideas regarding how we can save the ship. It is very risky to sail a ship that has not been maintained for so long. He suggested moving the barrels of oil from the ship. Hmmm.. We wonder how long that will take. As per a study, it would take almost five months to remove all the oil barrels from the ship! Amidst this, we need to remember that there has been a war raging in Yemen since long! Five months in Yemen’s war environment, seems like an eternity. 

That sounds so tough! Wouldn’t we need a lot of money to save the ship? Why did Yemen not maintain its ship? Well, since there is a war among some communities in Yemen, no one cared about the maintenance of an abandoned ship. Yemen doesn’t have enough funds to save the ship, but the world wants to help this ship and that too quickly. Recently, Saudia Arabia, the UK, Germany, and many other countries came together to pledge funds to save the ship. The Safer fund is still twenty million dollars short of its target! Well, let’s keep our fingers crossed that the ship is rescued before causing any damage around.

Links: 

Episode 40 with Abir
Why the country Turkey changed its name

The country Turkey got tired of being confused with the names of birds which are also the symbol of a national holiday in the US.  Turkey’s leaders were also not too keen on the meaning of the word Turkey in English (google says it refers to someone rather silly). Tired of these unflattering associations, the country has decided that the time has come for it to change its name!
In this conversation with an almost 9-year old Abir from Singapore, we discuss answers to questions like ‘When do people change their names’, and ‘Are there any characters in books that we think should have different names’, and ‘What does a country need to do, to change its name’.  Listen to this episode to also find some funny trivia and stories about other countries that have changed their names.

Recently, the country Turkey changed its name. Sometimes, we see some women change their surnames after marriage. Is it the same when a country changes its name? We talk to 9-year-old Abir from Singapore to see how he feels about changing names. Is it even necessary to change the name of a nation?

The country Turkey got tired of being confused with the name of the bird. Turkey birds are also the symbol of a national holiday in the US. Turkey’s leaders were also not too keen on the meaning of the word Turkey in English (google says it refers to someone rather silly). Tired of these unflattering associations, the country has decided that the time has come for it to change its name! Now, Turkey will be known as Türkiye (pronounced tur-key-yay). The leaders felt this name represents the culture, civilization, and values of the Turkish nation in the best way.

Abir shares how the character Prometheus from the Percy Jackson series walks like a crab. So, Prometheus should change his name to Crabby! 

Interestingly, Turkey is not the first country to change its name. Myanmar changed its name from Burma in 1989. Swaziland changed its name to the ‘Kingdom of Eswatini’ because the old name was similar to Switzerland. There were quite a few cases where people planning to go to Switzerland booked tickets to Swaziland by mistake! We also learn about how some countries changed their names after getting independence to eradicate signs of colonialism. Two examples are Rhodesia changing its name to Zimbabwe and Ceylon changing to Sri Lanka.

If a person decides to change names, they only have to inform family and friends. There’s no way it would be this easy for Turkey! It would take so much time to change the names in the constitution and currency notes! Türkiye mentioned the change to the group of countries called the United Nations. It is to ensure all countries recognize Türkiye by the new name.

Links: https://www.deccanherald.com/international/explained-why-did-turkey-change-its-name-to-t-rkiye-1117255.html

https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/social-relevance/countries-that-changed-their-names-550268.html

Cronica Media